Ko te moata paura maroke e pā ana ki tētahi rauemi kirikiri, paura rānei i hangaia mā te whakaranu ā-tinana o ngā mea whakahiato, ngā rauemi sima kore-waro, me ngā tāpiringa kua whakamaroketia, kua tirotirohia hoki i roto i tētahi ōwehenga. He aha ngā tāpiringa e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te moata paura maroke? Ko te moata paura maroke e whakamahi ana i te sima Portland hei rauemi sima, ā, ko te nui o te rauemi sima e 20% ki te 40% o te moata paura maroke; Ko te nuinga o ngā mea whakahiato pai he onepū kuata, ā, me nui te maimoatanga o mua pērā i te whakamaroke me te tirotiro kia tutuki ai te rahi me te kounga o te matūriki ki ngā whakaritenga o te tauira; I ētahi wā ka tāpirihia hoki te pungarehu rere, te paura para, me ētahi atu hei ranunga; Ko ngā ranunga he iti noa te rahinga e whakamahia ana, mai i te 1% ki te 3%, engari he pānga nui. He maha ngā wā ka tīpakohia kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te tauira hua hei whakapai ake i te mahi, te paparanga, te kaha, te whakaheke, me te ātete huka o te moata.
He aha ngā momo tāpiringa moata paura maroke e whakamahia whānuitia ana?
Paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō
Ka taea e te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei i roto i te moata paura maroke:
① Te pupuri wai me te ngāwari o te mahi o te moata hou kua whakaranua;
② Te mahi here o ngā paparanga turanga rerekē;
③ Te ngāwari me te mahi whakarerekētanga o te moata;
④ Te kaha piko me te piripono;
⑤ Ātete kakahu;
⑥ Manawanui;
⑦ Te ātete ki te uru.
Te tono opaura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anōi roto i te moata parai paparanga angiangi, te here taera uku, te pūnaha whakamarumaru pakitara o waho, me ngā rauemi papa whakaōrite-ake kua whakaatu i ngā hua pai
Kaiwhakapūmau wai me te matū whakamātotoru
Ko ngā mea whakamātotoru pupuri wai te nuinga o te wāngā etera cellulose, ngā etera māngaro, me ētahi atu. Ko te etera cellulose e whakamahia ana i roto i te moata paura maroke ko te methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose etera (MHEC) me te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC).
Kaiwhakaiti wai
Ko te mahi matua a ngā matū whakaiti wai he whakaiti i te hiahia wai o te moata, kia pai ake ai tōna kaha pēhi. Ko ngā matū whakaiti wai matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te moata paura maroke ko te casein, te matū whakaiti wai i ahu mai i te naphthalene, te melamine formaldehyde condensate, me te polycarboxylic acid. He superplasticizer pai rawa atu te casein, inā koa mō te moata paparanga angiangi, engari nā tōna āhua tūturu, he maha ngā rerekētanga o tōna kounga me te utu. Ko ngā matū whakaiti wai raupapa naphthalene e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te β- Naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate.
Kaiwhakakōkī
E rua ngā momo whakapūmau: te whakateretere me te whakaroa. Ka whakamahia ngā matū whakateretere hei whakateretere i te whakapūmau me te whakapakeketanga o te moata, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te konupūmā formate me te lithium carbonate. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te aluminate me te sodium silicate hei matū whakateretere. Ka whakamahia te matū whakateretere hei whakateretere i te whakapūmau me te whakapakeketanga o te moata, ā, kua angitu te whakamahinga o te waikawa tartaric, te waikawa citric me ōna tote, me te gluconate.
Ārai wai
Ko ngā matū ārai wai ko ngā matū polymer pēnei i te rino chloride, ngā matū silane waro, ngā tote waikawa ngako, ngā muka polypropylene, me te rapa styrene butadiene. He pai te pānga ārai wai o te matū ārai wai rino chloride, engari he ngāwari ki te waikura ngā pae maitai me ngā wāhanga whakarewa. Ko ngā tote konupūmā kore-rewa i puta mai i te tauhohenga o ngā tote waikawa ngako me ngā katote konupūmā i roto i te putunga sima i runga i ngā pakitara o ngā capillaries, ka whai wāhi ki te aukati i ngā pore me te hanga i ēnei pakitara ngongo capillary hei mata hydrophobic, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te ārai wai. He iti te utu mō ia hua, engari he roa te wā ki te whakaranu i te moata kia ōrite ki te wai.
muka
Ko ngā muka e whakamahia ana mō te moata paura maroke ko te muka karāhe ātete ki te kawakore, te muka polyethylene (muka polypropylene), te muka waipiro polyvinyl kaha-teitei me te modulus teitei (muka waipiro polyvinyl),muka rakau, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā muka waipiro polyvinyl kaha-teitei me te modulus teitei me ngā muka polypropylene. He pai ake te mahi a ngā muka waipiro polyvinyl kaha-teitei me te modulus teitei me te utu iti iho i ngā muka polypropylene kawemai. He taurite, he ōrite hoki te tohatoha o ngā muka i roto i te anga sima, ā, he piri tata ki te sima hei ārai i te hanganga me te whanaketanga o ngā kapiti moroiti, kia mātotoru ai te anga moata, ā, he pai te mahi ā-wai me te ātete ki te pānga me te pakaru. Ko te roa he 3-19 mm.
Kaiwhakakore Huka
I tēnei wā, ko ngā paura whakakore huka e whakamahia ana i roto i te moata paura maroke ko ngā polyol me ngā polysiloxanes te nuinga. Mā te whakamahinga o ngā whakakore huka ka taea te whakatika i te ihirangi mirumiru anake, engari ka taea hoki te whakaiti i te whakahekenga. I roto i ngā mahi whaihua, hei whakapai ake i te mahi whānui, me whakamahi ngā tāpiringa maha i te wā kotahi. I tēnei wā, me aro ki te awe tahi i waenga i ngā tāpiringa rerekē. Hei tāpiri, me aro hoki ki te nui o ngā tāpiringa kua tāpirihia. Ki te iti rawa, kāore e taea te whakaata i te pānga o ngā tāpiringa; ki te nui rawa, tera pea ka pāngia e ngā pānga taha.
Wā tuku: 29 o Ākuhata-2023